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CSS For Beginners (Cascading Style Sheets)

CSS For Beginners (Cascading Style Sheets)

This article is all about the CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) which is responsible for the styling of the websites.

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Angan Koner
·

5 min read

CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is what makes the web pages look good and presentable. It's an essential part of modern Web Development and a must-have skill for any web designer and developer.

In this article, I will give you a quick introduction to CSS to help you get started with CSS.

Getting Started

Let's Start with learning the types of CSS we can include in our HTML elements.

Inline CSS

First off, We can include CSS directly in our HTML elements. For this, we make use of the "style" attribute and then we provide properties to it.

<h1> style = "color : blue"> Hello World !</h1>

Here we are giving it the property of colour and the value of the colour is set to blue, which results in the Changing of the colour of the text "Hello world !" into blue as the colour property of the <h1> tag has been set to blue. We can also set multiple properties inside the <style> tag if we wanted. However, I don't want to continue down this path, as things start to get messy if our HTML is cluttered with lots of CSS inside it.

Internal CSS

  • The other way to include the CSS in our HTML file is the Internal CSS in which we include <style> tag inside the head tag of the HTML document. This is called internal styling.

      <head>
       <style>
           h1 {
               color : blue;
              }
      </style>
  </head>

In the style element, we can give the styling to our HTML elements by selecting the element(s) and providing styling attributes. Just like we applied the color property to the h1 element above

External CSS

The third and most recommended way to include CSS is using an external stylesheet. We can create a stylesheet with a .css extension, and include its link in the HTML document, like this :

<head>
    <link rel = "stylesheet" href = "style.css">
</head>

In the above code, I have included the link to the style.css file using the link element. We then write all our CSS in a separate stylesheet called style.css so that it's easily manageable.

h1 {
    color : blue;
}

This stylesheet can also be imported into other HTML files, so this is great for reusability.

CSS Selectors

CSS is a design language which is used to style HTML elements. And in order to style elements, you first have to select them. You've already seen a glimpse of how this works, but let's dive a bit deeper into CSS selectors, and look at three different ways you can select HTML elements.

  • Element

The first way to select an HTML element is by simply using the name, which is what we did above. Let's see how it works :

h1{
    font-size : 20px;
}
p{
    color : green;
}
div{
    margin : 10px;
}

The example above is almost self-explanatory. We are selecting different elements like h1 , p , div and giving them different style attributes. The font-size controls the size of the text, color sets the text colour, and margin adds spacing around the element.

  • Class

    Another way of selecting HTML elements is by using class attribute. In HTML, we can assign different classes to our elements. Each element can have multiple classes, and each class can also be applied to multiple elements as well.

Let's see it in action :

<div class ='container'>
      <h1>This is the Heading</h1>
</div>

.container  {

    margin : 10px;

}

In the code above I have assigned the class container to the div element. In the stylesheet, we select our class using .classname format and giving it a 10px margin.

  • ID

Like classes, we can also use IDs to select HTML elements and apply styling to them. The only difference between classes and IDs is that one ID can be assigned to only one HTML element.

<div>
    <p id = 'para'> This is a paragraph </p>
</div>

#para{
    color : green;
    font-size : 16px; 
}

The example above displays how we assign an ID to the paragraph element and later use the ID selector in the stylesheet to select the paragraph and apply the style to it.

Fonts & Colors

CSS provides us with literally hundreds of options for playing with fonts and colours and making our HTML elements look pretty. We can choose from two types of font family names :

  1. Generic Family: a group of font families with a similar look (like 'serif' or 'Monospace').

  2. Font Family: a specific font family (like 'Times New Roman' or 'Arial')

For colours, we can use predefined color names, or RGB,HEX,HSL,RGBA,HSLA values.

<div class = 'container'>

    <h1 class = 'heading1'>
         CSS is cool ...!!!!
    </h1>

</div>

.container{
    width : 500px;
    height : 100px;
    background-color : lightcyan;
    text-align : center;
}

.heading1{
    font-family : 'Courier New';
    color : tomato;
}

  • As we can see in the above example, we have a div element with the class of container. Inside the div, there is an h1 tag with some text inside it.

  • In the stylesheet, we select the container class as .container and set its width , height , background-color , and text-align.

  • Finally, we select the .heading1 class - which is applied to the h1 tag - and give it the attributes of font-family and color.

Conclusion

This is all about CSS at the Beginning and good to go with the styling of the websites by applying the same rules to design and style our beautiful website.

Thanks for reading! My name is Angan Koner. I'm A student of B.tech in Engineering and I am interested in Web Development, I have chosen it as a career option for me.

I am a junior developer, Thanks for reading. Hope you like it.

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